共青团中央关于加强和改进思想政治工作的十点意见

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共青团中央关于加强和改进思想政治工作的十点意见

共青团中央


共青团中央关于加强和改进思想政治工作的十点意见

(一九八九年十二月二十五日)

 

  青年是国家的未来和希望,也是社会主义现代化建设和改革的重要力量。做好青年的思想政治工作,是共青团的光荣职责。根据党的十三届四中全会和五中全会的要求,现就加强和改进团的思想政治工作的有关问题,提出如下意见:

  一、集中力量抓好正面教育

  从统一思想入手,稳定社会大局;从国情教育入手,深化四项基本原则教育;从艰苦奋斗教育入手,振奋青年精神,为治理整顿和深化改革做贡献,是当前青年思想政治工作的三项任务。各级团组织必须集中力量,重点抓好正面教育。维护安定团结的政治局面,是当前全党和全国人民的最高利益。团组织要继续组织团员青年深入学习邓小平同志、江泽民同志的有关讲话,用党的四中全会和五中全会精神,统一思想;要加强调查研究,掌握青年思想动态,针对青年中的疑难问题,利用恳谈、座谈讨论、个别谈心等形式,摆事实、讲道理,帮助他们澄清是非,解决深层的思想问题。坚决维护党和政府的领导权威,是稳定局势的关键问题。要广泛宣传在中央第三代领导集体领导下,我国形势发生的可喜变化和各项工作所取得的成绩,增强青年对党和政府的信任。引导团员青年从国家长治久安、民族兴旺发达的共同利益出发,同党中央保持一致,以实际行动维护党和政府的威信,维护党和人民的团结。开展坚持四项基本原则、反对资产阶级自由化教育,是当前团的思想政治工作和重点。今明两年,要从国情教育入手,突出和深化四项基本原则教育。通过开展国情知识教育和社会考察、参观访问、图片展览、形势报告等形式,帮助团员青年从历史到现实,从宏观到微观,全面地认识和把握我们的国情,进一步明确坚持四项基本原则的必要性和必然性,认清资产阶级自由化的危害,提高青年坚持两个基本点的自觉性。治理整顿是使我国的国民经济走出目前困境的唯一有效途径。要认真组织团员青年学习党的五中全会精神,认清我们面临的严峻的经济形势和克服困难的有利条件,激发青年强烈的社会责任感,为完成治理整顿贡献力量。要深入进行艰苦奋斗的教育,引导团员青年识大体、顾大局,发扬革命传统,振奋革命精神,坚持过几年紧日子,为党为国为民分担困难。开展艰苦奋斗教育必须与生产实践结合起来,工交财贸战线的团组织要继续开展“双增双节”、劳动竞赛和“五小”发明活动,挖潜革新,为企业的生存发展作贡献;农村团组织要继续开展实用技术培训、脱贫致富、“青年星火带头人”活动,促进农业生产发展;各行各业的团员青年都要立足本职艰苦奋斗,埋头实干,争创一流成绩,为发展社会生产力努力奋斗。

  二、认真进行马克思主义基本理论学习教育,加强共青团的理论建设

  马克思主义是迄今为止最系统、最科学的世界观和方法论,是人类伟大的认识工具,是团的工作和青年健康成长的指南。各级团组织要把马克思主义理论学习作为思想政治工作的长期任务坚持不懈地抓下去,在全团形成良好的理论学习风气。当前,要重点抓好马克思主义哲学,包括毛泽东哲学著作、邓小平同志著作的学习,帮助团干部和团员掌握马列主义、毛泽东思想的立场、观点和方法,树立科学的世界观,提高政治素质、理论修养和工作能力。今明两年,专职干部要集中精力学习《共青团干部马列主义读本》。团的县级以上领导干部的理论学习时间,每年累计不得少于一个月,其他干部理论学习时间每年累计不得少于20天。学习情况要由上级团委考核记录在案。团员主要是学好《共青团员政治基础教材》。团员的学习主要是利用团日、团课进行。各级团组织要加强对团干部团员学习马列主义的领导,主要领导要亲自抓,定期检查学习情况,要把是否具备马克思主义理论素养作为考核、选拔、使用团干部的一个重要条件。

  三、广泛开展学雷锋精神,树社会主义新风的活动

  共青团是建设社会主义精神文明的先锋力量,历来有开风气之先的传统。在新的形势下,要通过生动具体的道德教育,把社会主义道德的原则、内容和要求溶助于青年的职业活动、社会交往、家庭生活中,逐步提高青年的思想道德素质。要继续开展学雷锋活动和共产主义义务劳动,在团员青年中倡导全心全意为人民服务和无私奉献的精神,让共产主义道德因素和风尚在社会主义时代不断发扬光大。要组织团员青年重温雷锋事迹,发扬雷锋精神,学习雷锋高尚的道德情操、刻苦学习的态度,艰苦朴素的作风、无私奉献的精神,树立集体主义观念。要组织团员青年开展为民、便民、利民的各种服务活动,在活动中提高思想觉悟,转变社会风气。为全社会的思想道德水平达到五十年代水平而努力奋斗。

  要组织团员围绕重点工程建设,市政工程建设和社会福利事业,利用周六或节假日,广泛开展共产主义义务劳动,并形成制度坚持下去。每个共青团员每年参加义务劳动的时间不得少于12天,青年可以自愿参加。要通过义务劳动,增强团员青年的无私奉献精神,为治理整顿和深化改革多做贡献。

  四、扫黄除害,活跃青年文化,优化社会环境

  创造良好的社会文化环境,对青少年健康成长有着极其重要的作用。各级团组织要配合党政有关部门,向严重危害青少年身心健康的社会“公害”做坚决斗争。要进一步发动团员青年自觉地运用法律武器,积极参与扫除“公害”的斗争,坚决打击和查禁卖淫嫖娼、制作贩卖传播淫秽物品、拐卖妇女儿童、私种吸食贩运毒品、聚众赌博、利用封建迷信骗财害人等社会丑恶现象和犯罪活动。要发挥共青团的社会监督作用,建立和完善青年除“公害”监督队伍,协助有关部门做好扫除“公害”的工作。各级团组织要一手抓“扫黄”,一手抓繁荣,注重抓好青年文化建设,活跃青年文化生活。继续做好向青少年推荐优秀作品的工作,组织青少年阅读、欣赏优秀书籍、优秀音乐作品和影视作品,广泛开展各类丰富多彩的文化、体育、科技、娱乐活动。要加强同新闻、出版、广播、影视和文化部门的合作,充分利用和发挥其传播先进思想的作用,努力优化社会文化环境。

  五、维护青年利益,参与社会监督,为廉政建设作贡献

  维护青年合法权益,是共青团的基本职责。团的思想政治工作要为维护青年利益服务,增强团组织的凝聚力和吸引力。要经常开展恳谈对话活动,倾听团员青年的呼声,做党和政府联系青年的纽带;要通过社会协商对话,反映青年的正当要求,架起党和政府与青年相互理解的桥梁。反对腐败是维护青年利益的具体表现。各级团组织要积极响应党和政府惩治腐败的号召,以参与社会监督中发挥团组织的优势,显示团员青年的力量。要设立监督哨、岗,建立监督信箱,为团员青年参与社会监督创造条件;要调动团员青年的内在积极性,利用组织优势为他们撑腰壮胆,与腐败现象作坚决的斗争,与一切打击报复行为和邪恶势力作坚决的斗争。共青团参与社会监督和反对腐败的工作要依照法律和政策进行,起到推动廉政建设的作用。

  六、建立和健全思想政治工作制度

  抓好制度建设,是加强团的思想政治工作的重要保证。要建立和健全团员青年的政治学习制度,坚持和恢复团课制度,使政治学习有必要的保证。要把讨论会、形势政策报告会等以适当形式固定下来。要建立青年思想信息收集、反馈制度。各级团组织要根据实际需要,建立一定规模的兼职调查员队伍,负责对青年思想和青年思想政治工作状况,进行经常的分析和研究,提高团的思想政治工作的科学化水平。要建立考核、检查、评比制度,把思想政治工作作为一项硬指标纳入团的工作职责中,并作为考核团组织和团干部的重要标准,上级团组织每年要对下级团组织及职能部门的思想政治工作进行一次全面的考核检查。要建立表彰奖励制度,对在团的思想政治工作方面做出突出成绩的团组织和个人给予表彰和奖励。要根据中央有关精神,积极配合地方党政部门制定和完善青年工作的政策法规,为青年思想政治工作提供政策和法律的保证。

  七、加强青年思想政治工作的机构和干部队伍建设

  青年思想政治工作要依靠一定的专门机构和一支精干的专职青年工作骨干队伍来进行。建有青年思想政治工作领导小组或青年思想教育办公室等专门机构的地方,团委要配合有关方面健全和完善其工作职责,发挥其应有作用。撤消的要尽快恢复,没有建立的要根据实际情况,尽快建立起来。要重点抓好团干部队伍建设。凡是撤并或削弱团组织机构的地方和部门,要迅速恢复和加强起来;凡是裁减或取消专职团干部的企业和事业单位,要根据中央关于稳定和充实政工队伍的要求,尽快增补和充实人员。要特别加强高等学校团干部队伍的建设,推荐和选拔一批优秀学生干部充实校系两级团干部队伍。按照党委的安排,在政工干部的职称评定工作中,做好团干部的职称评定工作。要十分重视社会性青年思想教育队伍的建设,对已经建立的“青年思想教育研究中心”、“关心下一代协会”等组织,要进一步总结、提高、健全和发展。要加强对青年协会、社团的引导和管理,发挥他们在青年思想教育中的积极作用。

  八、大力建设思想政治工作的物质依托

  加强团的思想政治工作必须创造必要的物质依托。各级团组织要充分利用各种有利条件,加强青年思想政治工作大阵地建设:一是舆论阵地建设。要切实重视对青年新闻、出版、发行事业的建设和管理。当前要结合报刊整顿,抓紧时机,做好青年报刊、出版、发行队伍建设,深入进行四项基本原则教育,提高编辑记者的政治思想觉悟,造就坚定的马克思主义青年新闻出版骨干队伍。二是青少年活动阵地建设。要认真抓好青少年活动阵地的建设、管理和使用,争取党政和社会各界的支持,通过自己的努力奋斗,实现以青少年宫为中心,以乡镇文化站为骨干,以企业农村连队青年之家为基础的青少年活动阵地网络。坚持思想教育、文化学习、信息交流、文体娱乐四位一体的建设方针,切实把青少年活动阵地办成团的思想政治工作的重要阵地。三是教育阵地建设。各级团校是培养青年思想政治工作骨干力量的重要基地,要全力办好。当前要特别注意有计划地培训团的思想政治工作骨干,加强马克思主义理论教育,努力提高全团干部的理论水平和业务水平。要进一步把革命传统教育基地建设好,充分利用这些基地和各种纪念馆、博物馆、烈士陵园等,对青少年进行生动形象的革命传统教育。要进一步建设和开发各种实践教育基地。大中学生实践教育营地和农村实用技术培训基地建设,这几年有了好的开端,要坚持把它办好,认真总结经验,不断提高水平,充分发挥作用。要通过各种有效途径筹集经费,为思想政治工作和各种教育活动提供必要的物质保证。

  九、表彰先进,树立典型

  用榜样的力量来鼓舞和激励青年,是我们共青团的优良传统。各级团组织要下决心发现、培养和树立一批反映时代精神,体现当代青年发展方向的青年个人和青年群体典型,引导我国青年前进。今后一个时期,要着重树立那些艰苦创业,无私奉献的各行各业青年典型。各级团组织要每年表彰树立一批叫得响、过得硬的青年典型,广泛宣传、颂扬他们的感人事迹和高尚品格,鼓励先进,弘扬正气。树立典型,要遵循马克思主义的辩证观点,既要精心培养、从严要求,又要实事求是、尊重现实,防止揠苗助长;对典型,要善于扶植,给予思想和工作的各种帮助,要特别注意保护典型的积极性,同各种打击、压制先进典型的思想、势力作斗争。各级团组织要采取多种形式,鼓励广大青年见贤思齐,在全团形成一个“比、学、赶、超”的良好风气。

  十、为青年办实事

  各级团组织要全面体现团组织代表和维护青年利益的社会职能,把引导教育青年与帮助青年解决实际问题紧密地结合起来,本着党政欢迎、青年满意和团组织力所能及的原则,切切实实为青年办实事。各地团组织要为青年创造就业的机会和条件,大力协助有关部门安置青年就业,特别是要做好推荐自学成才青年的就业工作。要根据青年热切成才的特点,采取各种有效方式,提高在职青年的业务能力和技术技能,为各类青年人才的脱颖而出创造良好的环境。要对生活上确有困难的青年,及时给予精神上的热情关怀和必要的物质帮助。恋爱、婚姻是青年人生道路上的重要事情,团组织要给予关心,倡导移风易俗,勤俭节约,帮助青年举办简朴、热闹、文明、有意义的婚礼,并为青年提供必要的新婚服务。


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JOINT DECLARATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE QUESTION OF HONG KONG ——附加英文版

the Government of the People's Republic of China,Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern


JOINT DECLARATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE QUESTION OF HONG KONG


WHOLE DOCUMENT
  
  Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
  the Government of the People's Republic of China have reviewed 
with
  sfaction the friendly relations existing between the two 
Governments
  peoples in recent years and agreed that a proper negotiated
settlement
  he question of Hong Kong, which is left over from the past, is 
con-
  ve to the maintenance of the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong
and
  he further strengthening and development of the relations between 
the
  countries on a new basis. To this end, they have, after talks 
between
  delegations of the two Governments, agreed to declare as follows:
  
  he Government of the People's Republic of China declares 
that to
  ver the Hong Kong area (including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and 
the
  Territories, hereinafter referred to as Hong Kong) is the 
common
  ration of the entire Chinese people, and that it has decided to
resume
  exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July
1997.
  
  he Government of the United Kingdom declares that it will restore
Hong
  to the People's Republic of China with effect from 1 July 1997.
  
  he Government of the People's Republic of China declares 
that the
  c policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong 
are
  ollows:
  Upholding national unity and territorial integrity and taking 
account
  he history of Hong Kong and its realities, the People's 
Republic of
  a has decided to establish, in accordance with the 
provisions of
  cle 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, a 
Hong
  Special Administrative Region upon resuming the 
exercise  of
  reignty over Hong Kong.
  The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be directly
under the
  ority of the Central People's Government of the People's 
Republic of
  a. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will enjoy 
a high
  ee of autonomy, except in foreign and defence affairs which are 
the
  onsibilities of the Central People's Government.
  The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be 
vested with
  utive, legislative and independent judicial power, including 
that of
  l adjudication. The laws currently in force in Hong Kong will 
remain
  cally unchanged.
  The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
will be
  osed of local inhabitants. The chief executive will be 
appointed by
  Central People's Government on the basis of the results of 
elections
  onsultations to be held locally. Principal officials will be
nominated
  he chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 
for
  intment by the Central People's Government. Chinese and 
foreign
  onals previously working in the public and police services 
in the
  rnment departments of Hong Kong may remain in employment. British 
and
  r foreign nationals may also be employed to serve as advisers or 
hold
  ain public posts in government departments of the Hong Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region.
  The current social and economic systems in Hong Kong will 
remain
  anged, and so will the life-style. Rights and freedoms, 
including
  e of the person, of speech, of the press, of assembly, of
association,
  ravel, of movement, of correspondence, of strike, of 
choice of
  pation, of academic research and of religious belief will be 
ensured
  aw in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Private 
property,
  rship of enterprises, legitimate right of inheritance and 
foreign
  stment will be protected by law.
  The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the
status of
  ee port and a separate customs territory.
  The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the
status of
  nternational financial centre, and its markets for foreign 
exchange,
  , securities and futures will continue. There will be free 
flow of
  tal. The Hong Kong dollar will continue to circulate and remain
freely
  ertible.
  The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will have 
independent
  nces. The Central People's Government will not levy taxes on the 
Hong
  Special Administrative Region.
  
  The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may establish 
mutually
  ficial economic relations with the United Kingdom and other
countries,
  e economic interests in Hong Kong will be given due regard.
  Using the name of "Hong Kong, China", the Hong Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region may on its own maintain and develop 
economic and
  ural relations and conclude relevant agreements with states, 
regions
  relevant international organizations. The Government of the
Hong Kong
  ial Administrative Region may on its own issue travel 
documents for
  y into and exit from Hong Kong.
  The maintenance of public order in the  Hong  Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region will be the responsibility of the Government
of the
  Kong Special Administrative Region.
  The above-stated basic policies of the People's Republic of 
China
  rding Hong Kong and the elaboration of them in Annex I to this 
Joint
  aration will be stipulated, in a Basic Law of the Hong Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region of the People's Republic of China, by the 
National
  le's Congress of the People's Republic of China, and they will 
remain
  anged for 50 years.
  
  he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
  blic of China declare that, during the transitional period
between the
  of the entry into force of this Joint Declaration and 30 June 
1997,
  Government of the United Kingdom will be responsible 
for the
  nistration of Hong Kong with the object of maintaining and 
preserving
  economic prosperity and social stability; and that the 
Government of
  People's Republic of China will give its cooperation 
in this
  ection.
  
  he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
  blic of China declare that, in order to ensure a smooth 
transfer of
  rnment in 1997, and with a view to the effective 
implementation of
  Joint Declaration, a Sino-British Joint Liaison Group will be set 
up
  this Joint Declaration enters into force; and that it 
will be
  blished and will function in accordance with the provisions of 
Annex
  o this Joint Declaration.
  
  he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
  blic of China declare that land leases in Hong Kong and other 
related
  ers will be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Annex 
III
  his Joint Declaration.
  
  he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
  blic of China agree to implement the preceding declarations 
and the
  xes to this Joint Declaration.
  
  his Joint Declaration is subject to ratification and shall enter 
into
  e on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification, 
which
  l take place in Beijing before 30 June 1985. This Joint 
Declaration
  its Annexes shall be equally binding. Done in duplicate at
Beijing on
  ecember 1984 in the English and Chinese languages, both texts 
being
  lly authentic.
  the                  For the
  rnment of the United Kingdom     Government of the
  reat Britain and Northern Ireland   People's Republic of China
  rate Thatcher             Zhao Ziyang
 ANNEX I: ELABORATION BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA OF ITS BASIC POLICIES REGARDING HONG KONG
  
  Government of the People's Republic of China elaborates the 
basic
  cies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong as set 
out
  aragraph 3 of the Joint Declaration of the Government of the 
United
  dom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of 
the
  le's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong as follows:
  
  
  Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates in 
Article
  hat "the state may establish special administrative 
regions when
  ssary. The systems to be instituted in special administrative 
regions
  l be prescribed by laws enacted by the National People's 
Congress in
  light of the specific conditions." In accordance with this 
Article,
  People's Republic of China shall, upon the resumption of the 
exercise
  overeignty over Hong Kong on 1 July 1997, establish the Hong 
Kong
  ial Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.  
The
  onal People's Congress of the People's Republic of China shall 
enact
  promulgate a Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region
  he People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the 
Basic
  in accordance with the Constitution of the People's 
Republic of
  a, stipulating that after the establishment of the Hong Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region the socialist system and socialist policies 
shall
  be practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and 
that
  Kong's previous capitalist system and life-style shall 
remain
  anged for 50 years.
  Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be directly 
under the
  ority of the Central People's Government of the People's 
Republic of
  a and shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy. Except for foreign 
and
  nce affairs which are the responsibilities of the Central 
People's
  rnment, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be 
vested
  executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including
that
  inal adjudication. The Central People's Government shall
authorise the
  Kong Special Administrative Region to conduct on its own 
those
  rnal affairs specified in Section XI of this Annex.
  government and legislature of the Hong Kong Special 
Administrative
  on shall be composed of local inhabitants. The chief executive
of the
  Kong Special Administrative Region shall be selected by 
election or
  ugh consultations held locally and be appointed by the 
Central
  le's Government. Principal officials (equivalent to Secretaries)
shall
  nominated by the chief executive of  the  Hong  Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region and appointed by the Central People's 
Government.
  legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 
shall be
  tituted by elections. The executive authorities shall abide by
the law
  shall be accountable to the legislature.
  ddition to Chinese, English may also be used in organs of 
government
  in the courts in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
  t from displaying the national flag and national emblem 
of the
  le's Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region
  use a regional flag and emblem of its own.
  
  
  r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region,
  laws previously in force in Hong Kong (i. e. the common law, rules 
of
  ty, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law) 
shall be
  tained, save for any that contravene the Basic Law and subject
to any
  dment by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region legislature. 
The
  slative power of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
  ed in the Legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region.
  legislature may on its own authority enact laws in accordance with
the
  isions of the Basic Law and legal procedures, and report them to 
the
  ding Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. 
Laws
  ted by the legislature which are in accordance with the Basic Law 
and
  l procedures shall be regarded as valid.
  laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the
Basic
  and the laws previously in force in Hong Kong and laws enacted
by the
  Kong Special Administrative Region legislature as above.
  
  
  r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region,
  judicial system previously practised in Hong Kong shall be 
maintained
  pt for those changes consequent upon the vesting in the courts
of the
  Kong Special Administrative Region of  the  power  of 
final
  dication.
  cial power in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 
shall be
  ed in the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 
The
  ts shall exercise judicial power independently and free 
from any
  rference. Members of the judiciary shall be immune from legal 
action
  espect of their judicial functions. The courts shall decide 
cases in
  rdance with the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region
  may refer to precedents in other common law jurisdictions. 
Judges of
  Hong Kong Special Administrative Region courts shall be 
appointed by
  chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 
acting
  accordance with the recommendation of an independent 
commission
  osed of local judges, persons from the legal profession and 
other
  ent persons. Judges shall be chosen by reference to their 
judicial
  ities and may be recruited from other common law 
jurisdictions. A
  e may only be removed for inability to discharge the functions
of his
  ce, or for misbehaviour, by the chief executive of the 
Hong Kong
  ial Administrative Region acting in accordance with the
recommendation
  tribunal appointed by the chief judge of the court of final 
appeal,
  isting of not fewer than three local judges. 
Additionally, the
  intment or removal of principal judges (i. e. those of the 
highest
  ) shall be made by the chief executive with the endorsement of 
the
  Kong Special Administrative Region legislature and reported 
to the
  ding Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. 
The
  em of appointment and removal of judicial officers other than 
judges
  l be maintained.
  power of final judgment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
  l be vested in the court of final appeal in the Hong Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region, which may as required invite judges from 
other
  on law jurisdictions to sit on the court of final appeal.
  osecuting authority of the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region
  l control criminal prosecutions free from any interference.
  he basis of the system previously operating in Hong Kong, the 
Hong
  Special Administrative Region Government shall on its 
own make
  ision for local lawyers and lawyers from outside the Hong Kong
Special
  nistrative Region to work and practise in the Hong Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region.
  Central People's Government shall assist or authorise the Hong 
Kong
  ial Administrative Region Government to make appropriate 
arrangements
  reciprocal juridical assistance with foreign states.
  
  
  r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region,
  ic servants previously serving in Hong Kong in all 
government
  rtment, including the police department, and members of the 
judiciary
  all remain in employment and continue their service 
with pay,
  wances, benefits and conditions of service no less 
favourable than
  re. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government 
shall pay
  uch persons who retire or complete their contracts, as well 
as to
  e who have retired before 1 July 1997, or to their dependants, 
all
  ions, gratuities, allowances and benefits due to them on terms
no less
  urable than before, and irrespective of their nationality or
place of
  dence.
  Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government may employ 
British
  other foreign nationals previously serving in the public 
service in
  Kong, and may recruit British and other foreign nationals 
holding
  anent identity cards of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region to
  e as public servants at all levels, except as heads 
of major
  rnment departments (corresponding to branches or 
departments at
  etary level) including the police department, and as deputy 
heads of
  of those departments. The Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region
  rnment may also employ British and other foreign nationals as
advisers
  overnment departments and, when there is a need, may recruit
qualified
  idates from outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region to
  essional and technical posts in government departments, 
The above
  l be employed only in their individual capacities and, like 
other
  ic servants, shall be responsible to the  Hong  Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region Government.
  appointment and promotion of public servants shall be on the basis 
of
  ifications, experience and ability. Hong Kong's previous 
system of
  uitment, employment, assessment, discipline, training and 
management
  the public service (including special bodies for appointment, pay 
and
  itions of service) shall, save for any provisions providing
privileged
  tment for foreign nationals, be maintained.
  
  
  Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall deal on its own 
with
  ncial matters, including disposing of its financial 
resources and
  ing up its budgets and its final accounts. The Hong Kong 
Special
  nistrative Region shall report its budgets and final accounts to 
the
  ral People's Government for the record.  The Central 
People's
  rnment shall not levy taxes on the Hong Kong Special 
Administrative
  on. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall 
use its
  ncial revenues exclusively for its own purposes and they shall
not be

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审计署关于批转《中国审计学会2005至2009年审计理论研究规划》的通知

审计署


审会发〔2005〕30号

审计署关于批转《中国审计学会2005至2009年审计理论研究规划》的通知



各省、自治区、直辖市审计厅(局)及审计学会,解放军审计署,各计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团审计局及审计学会,署机关各单位、各特派员办事处及理论研究会(组)、各派出审计局:

  中国审计学会五届一次常务理事会审议通过了《中国审计学会2005至2009年审计理论研究规划》。《规划》对于指导今后五年审计理论研究工作具有指导意义。经署领导同意,现将《规划》转发给你们。请结合本单位实际情况,认真加以落实。





二○○五年八月十六日

中国审计学会2005至2009年

审计理论研究规划

(中国审计学会五届一次常务理事会

2005年7月25日通过)



  为了进一步做好中国审计学会的审计理论研究工作,推进审计事业的发展,根据审计署审计工作五年规划和审计工作发展的需要,制定本规划。

  一、中国审计学会成立以来审计理论研究的主要成果

  1984年中国审计学会成立以来,依靠审计署和各级审计机关领导的重视与支持,依靠审计学会广大会员和院校专家的共同努力,紧紧围绕建立中国特色的社会主义审计制度,紧紧围绕审计实践中的重大问题,积极组织开展审计理论研究,取得了一系列研究成果和共识。

  ——在审计基础理论方面,借鉴国外审计理论,结合我国的实际情况,开展了审计的定义、本质、职能,社会主义市场经济条件下审计的作用等方面的研究,广泛宣传和普及审计的基本知识,初步形成了我国审计理论的基本框架,为我国社会主义审计制度的建立和发展提供了理论支持。

  ——在审计法制理论研究方面,开展了我国审计法律制度基本结构、政府审计规范和审计职业道德规范的研究,初步确立了我国审计法律规范理论体系,促进了我国审计工作的法制化、制度化、规范化建设。

  ——在审计实务理论研究方面,结合不同时期审计工作发展需要,通过对财务收支审计、财经法纪审计、经济效益审计、财政预算执行及决算审计、经济责任审计、环境审计、审计在宏观调控中的作用等问题的研究,从理论与实务结合上解决了审计实践中遇到的一些突出问题,促进了财政审计、金融审计、企业审计等项审计工作的发展和审计职能的发挥,为今后进一步开展经济责任审计、效益审计、环境审计等项审计工作开辟了发展空间。

  ——在审计技术方法研究方面,组织开展了不同审计方式下审计程序和操作指南的研究,开展了内部控制系统、抽样审计方法等现代审计技术方法的研究,探索了信息化环境下的审计技术方法,引进和借鉴了国外的先进审计技术,初步形成具有中国特色的审计方法体系。

  ——在中国审计历史研究方面,与有关部门配合,较全面地挖掘和整理了中国三千多年审计发展的史料,编写出版了《中国审计史》,探索了我国审计的起源,梳理了中国审计发展的历史脉络,总结了审计发展的一些规律。

  二、今后五年审计理论研究工作的指导思想

  随着社会主义民主政治建设的逐步发展和社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善,我国的审计工作进入新的发展战略期。新形势对审计理论研究提出新的要求,迫切需要科学总结审计工作经验,开展在实践基础上的理论创新,探索审计发展规律,增强审计理论研究的实用性、指导性和前瞻性,推动审计工作向法制化、规范化、科学化的方向发展。

  今后五年学会审计理论研究工作的指导思想是:以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,贯彻科学发展观,坚持基础理论与应用理论研究并重,系统研究与突出重点相结合的方针,着眼审计发展,服务审计实践,解放思想,开拓创新,深入开展中国特色的社会主义审计理论研究,促进审计监督在民主政治建设、经济发展和构建和谐社会等方面发挥更大的作用。

  三、今后五年审计理论研究工作的总体目标

  ——总结研究成果,坚持理论创新,开展系统研究,发展和完善中国特色的审计基础理论体系

  ——围绕审计实践,突出研究重点,解决实际问题,总结和发展审计应用理论与技术方法体系

  ——适应审计发展,改革审计管理,整合已有成果,初步建立现代审计方式下的审计管理理论体系

  四、今后五年审计理论研究的主要方向和任务

  (一)加强审计发展战略研究,重点关注审计环境的变化,新时期审计发展的方向和目标,审计在我国社会主义民主政治建设中与市场经济体制条件下的战略定位与作用,以及完善审计法制和体制等方面的课题。主要研究:

  ——社会主义民主政治建设和市场经济条件下政府审计的职能定位与作用

  ——审计对权力的制约与监督

  ——政府审计在构建社会主义和谐社会中的作用

  ——政府审计与国家经济安全

  ——审计机关开展政策评估的探索

  ——政府审计环境

  ——审计体制与审计法律规范体系的完善

  ——审计监督与其他监督部门的协调与配合

  ——审计人才队伍建设和审计文化建设

  ——政府审计与内部审计、社会审计的资源整合

  (二)突出开展效益审计研究,围绕效益审计的基本理论、程序与技术方法,特别是公共资金和公共工程效益审计与评价等重点课题展开深入系统的研究,为建立中国特色的效益审计模式提供理论支持。主要研究:

  ——效益审计基本理论

  ——效益审计程序与方法

  ——公共资金效益审计

  ——公共工程效益审计

  ——政府部门绩效审计

  ——非盈利组织绩效审计

  ——现阶段中国效益审计的基本模式

  (三)进一步加强审计实务研究,总结审计工作的经验,研究审计实践中的新情况、新问题,探索改进和深化财政审计、金融审计和国有企业审计的新途径和新方法,积极开展经济责任审计、环境审计的理论研究,推进其进一步深化和发展。主要研究:

  ——部门预算执行审计的深化和部门决算审计

  ——上级审计机关对下级政府财政收支的监督

  ——外资利用审计的深化与发展

  ——金融审计与防范金融风险

  ——环境审计与可持续发展

  ——国有企业审计监督目标与方式的改进

  ——经济责任审计的地位和目标

  ——经济责任审计的规范化

  (四)加强审计管理研究,增强系统性和实效性,整合研究成果,深化审计项目计划管理与质量控制,审计资源管理、审计质量检查监督,以及审计公告等重点课题的研究,初步形成与审计工作特点相适应的审计管理理论体系。主要研究:

  ——审计质量与风险控制

  ——审计计划管理

  ——审计现场管理

  ——审计复核与审计同业检查

  ——政府审计资源的整合与利用

  ——审计公告制度

  (五)深化审计技术方法研究,借鉴国外经验和其他学科的研究成果,重点研究信息化条件下审计先进技术的运用等课题,丰富和完善我国审计技术方法体系。主要研究:

  ——信息化环境下的计算机审计技术

  ——联网审计技术

  ——现代审计技术在政府审计中的运用

  ——专项审计调查的技术方法

  五、落实审计理论研究任务的主要措施

  ——紧紧依靠审计署对中国审计学会的领导和对理论研究工作的指导,依靠各级审计机关对学会和理论研究工作的支持,健全学术理论研究组织机构,整合理论研究资源,加大对理论研究的投入。

  ——采取多种方式落实课题研究任务。将规划中的课题研究任务分解到每个年度,落实到有关地方审计学会和特派办理论研究会(组)。建立审计学会专业分会或者专题研究课题组,加强对重点领域课题的理论研究。改进和完善课题招标、立项和结项评审制度,提升课题立项层次。发挥学会理事在理论研究中的带头作用,举办理事论坛或召开小型理事座谈会对有关问题进行深入研讨。

  ——坚持理论工作者与实务工作者相结合。充分发挥学术委员会委员、大专院校和科研院所专家在课题研究、成果评审、论文点评、理论培训等方面的作用,同时,积极组织既有审计实践经验又有理论研究能力的审计干部参加审计理论研究。在课题研究中,理论工作者和实务工作者要加强交流与协作,优势互补,形成合力,重点课题联合攻关。

  ——大力培养中青年理论研究骨干队伍。采取建立中青年理论研究组织或举办中青年专题理论研讨会等多种形式,组织和吸引审计人员中的中青年骨干参加审计理论研究。加强宏观经济及研究方法的培训和理论研究成果的交流,提高审计业务骨干的理性思维和理论研讨能力,提高研究水平。

  ——充分发挥地方审计学会和科研所、特派员办事处理论研究会(组)的作用。采取调研、开小型片会等方式,把握各地理论研究的动态,及时总结经验,组织成果交流;发挥他们熟悉审计实务的优势,组织力量对审计实践中的重点问题加强研究。

  ——加强学术交流,活跃理论研究气氛。坚持小型为主、专题为主的方式,改进和提高学术研讨会的质量和水平。同时,每年举办1至2次全国性的高层次学术会议,每两年至少举办或参与举办一次国际性学术会议。邀请国外专家来国内进行学术交流,开展学术讲座;适当安排有关人员出国参加学术会议、讲学和考察。加强与国内外相关学术团体和社团组织的联系与合作。开展征文和论文评选活动,吸引广大会员参与理论研究,推动群众性的理论研讨活动。

  ——加强成果推广和利用。办好《审计研究》杂志,加强审计理论宣传和推广。通过扩大稿源,引入专家审阅与匿名评审制度,努力提高办刊质量,增加杂志发行量,扩大版面,增强理论宣传的效果。办好审计学会网站,为促进会员之间以及会员与其他审计理论和实务工作者之间的审计科研信息交流提供条件。通过举办培训班、编辑出版理论文集等方式,积极推广理论研究成果,指导审计实践,推动中国审计事业发展。